Even when people perceive a health risk as a real threat to their well-being or safety, their decision to follow public health guidance may come down to one factor: self-efficacy – the knowledge, skill, access, and confidence they must have to feel capable of “getting the job done.”
Beginning with the Extended Parallel Process Model, we unpack self-efficacy’s pivotal role in making fear appeals effective and why self-efficacy may be the critical ingredient in almost any health message, campaign, or intervention.
Resources:
Image of the Extended Parallel Process Model
Kim Witte (1992) Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model, Communication Monographs, 59:4, 329-349, DOI: 10.1080/03637759209376276
More on: Extended Parallel Process Model
Tannenbaum MB, Hepler J, Zimmerman RS, Saul L, Jacobs S, Wilson K, Albarracín D. Appealing to fear: A meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and theories. Psychol Bull. 2015 Nov;141(6):1178-204. doi: 10.1037/a0039729. PMID: 26501228; PMCID: PMC5789790.
Recent takes on the important of self-efficacy: Terror Management Health Model
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